A crime against peace, in international
law, refers to "planning, preparation, initiation, or waging of wars
of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements
or assurances, or participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the
accomplishment of any of the foregoing".[1]
This definition of crimes against peace was first incorporated into the Nuremberg Principles and later included in the
United Nations Charter.(维基原文 )
反和平罪，在国际法中，指“计划，准备，启动或实施侵略战争，或违反国际协议或保证的战争，或者参与共同计划或共谋以实现任何前述的战争”。反和平罪最早在纽伦堡审判原则提出，后来包含在联合国宪章中。
反和平罪，在国际法中，指“计划，准备，启动或实施侵略战争，或违反国际协议或保证的战争，或者参与共同计划或共谋以实现任何前述的战争”。反和平罪最早在纽伦堡审判原则提出，后来包含在联合国宪章中。
War crimes
are serious violations of the laws applicable in armed conflict (also known as international humanitarian law) giving
rise to individual criminal responsibility. Examples of such conduct include
"murder, the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an
occupied territory to slave labor camps", "the murder or ill-treatment of prisoners
of war", the killing of prisoners, "the wanton destruction of
cities, towns and villages, and any devastation not justified by military, or
civilian necessity".(维基原文)
战争罪是指严重违反武装冲突中所适应的法律，从而个人需要承担责任。这样的行为包括“谋杀，虐待或驱逐占领区的居民至奴隶劳动集中营”，“谋杀或虐待战争俘虏”，杀死俘虏，蓄意破坏城市，城镇和村庄，以及任何不正当的破坏行为。
战争罪是指严重违反武装冲突中所适应的法律，从而个人需要承担责任。这样的行为包括“谋杀，虐待或驱逐占领区的居民至奴隶劳动集中营”，“谋杀或虐待战争俘虏”，杀死俘虏，蓄意破坏城市，城镇和村庄，以及任何不正当的破坏行为。
Crimes against humanity
In the
aftermath of the Second World War, The London Charter of
the International Military Tribunal was the decree that set down the laws
and procedures by which the post-World War
II Nuremberg trials were to be conducted. The drafters of this document
were faced with the problem of how to respond to the Holocaust and
grave crimes committed by the Nazi regime. A traditional understanding of war crimes
gave no provision for crimes committed by a power on its own citizens.
Therefore, Article 6 of the Charter was drafted to include not only traditional
war crimes
and crimes against peace, but in paragraph 6.c,
Crimes Against Humanity defined as
"Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation,
and other inhumane
acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war, or
persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds in execution of or in
connection with any crime within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal, whether or
not in violation of the domestic law of the country where perpetrated".( 维基原文)
反人类罪
反人类罪
二战之后，伦敦国际军事法庭宪章确定了战后纽伦堡审判所依据的法律和程序。这份文件的起草者们面临着如何回应纳粹政权所犯下的大屠杀和严重的罪行的问题。对战争罪的传统理解并未规定一个政权对它自己的公民所犯下的罪行。所以，在此宪章第六章的起草中，不仅包括传统的战争罪和反和平罪，而且在6c中定义了反人类罪：
“在战争之前或之中，在它所统治的范围之内，谋杀，灭绝，奴役，驱逐和其它残酷的针对它自己的任何公民的行为，或者基于政治的，种族的或信仰的原因所进行迫害的罪行，不管违不违反这些罪行所发生的国家的法律”。影片《纽伦堡审判》审判的就是纳粹德国的司法官员，起诉的理由主要就是反人类罪，“一个政权对它自己的公民所犯下的罪行”。